51 pages • 1 hour read
Summary
Chapter Summaries & Analyses
Key Figures
Themes
Symbols & Motifs
Important Quotes
Essay Topics
Tools
Hemingway recalls watching a goat herd sell goatmilk to a woman in his building. He decides to buy a morning horseracing paper and is inspired to visit the track later that day. He and his wife resolve to bet the money he earned from the Canadian paper. His wife had once owned a horse, Chevre d’Or, who tragically fell in a race, taking with him savings worth six months’ rent. Hemingway reflects on how strict he has been about money stating, “The one who is doing his work and getting satisfaction from it is not the one the poverty bothers” (22). He finds it admirable that his wife does not complain about the public bath houses or lack of warm clothes. The two pack a lunch and wine and train to the horse track. As the day goes on, the betting prices increase, eventually coming to eighty-five85 francs for ten. Hemingway thinks, “But we had made plenty of money, big money for us, and now we had spring and money too. I thought that was all we needed” (24).
After another day at the tracks, the two enjoy a nice dinner of oysters and walk under the Arc de Triomphe. Hemingway asks his wife if the two arches in Paris are really in line with the arche in Milano. This question sparks memories the two have shared in Paris with a companion named Chink. Hemingway tells the reader that Chink was a professional soldier who spent time with the Hemingways whenever he was on leave. The two miss him greatly; the three shared a fruit cup from Biffi’s in the Galleria, visited parks, and discussed wine together. Hemingway’s wife recalls that she enjoyed conversing with him and Chink, as the two included her and did not make her feel like she was only a wife like Stein does. Growing hungry from walking, the two decide on a second dinner at Michaud’s, where James Joyce eats with his family. Hemingway turns to his wife and says, “I don’t know, Tatie. There are so many sorts of hunger. In the spring there are more. But that’s gone now. Memory is a hunger” (26). Despite eating at Michaud’s, the two still feel that same hunger from earlier. Hemingway credits the hunger to “a false spring”.
Hemingway recalls that racing never came between him and his wife, Hadley, and that only people could do that. Nevertheless, he begins attending races alone. He works two tracks into every season, usually Auteuil or Enghien. Hemingway calls these horse races a “demanding friend,” who he tolerates because it could be profitable (27). Hemingway outlines exactly how one should bet and on which horses. He describes running to the top of the stands at Auteuil to observe the horses jump. He writes, “You watched the prices and all the shifts of odds each time a horse you were following would start, and you had to know how he was working and finally get to know when the stable would try with him” (28). Hemingway only bet on horses he was educated on but would sometimes take a risk on horses no one believed in. He states that Auteuil was beautiful, and that, while he soon became acquainted with many people and many horses, working the races grew too time consuming.
While walking to deposit his racing capital, Hemingway ran into an old friend named Mike Ward. The two have lunch at the square Louvois and Hemingway asks Mike why he never goes to the track. Mike responds that “anything you have to bet on to get a kick isn’t worth seeing” (28). He suggests bicycle racing instead. While the two eventually bond over watching bicyclists, Hemingway says that, for now, it was enough to get on with his work and his life in Paris. Despite starting many stories about bicycle racing, none has ever been as thrilling as the horseracing stories. Hemingway concludes the chapter with an attempt to describe the races, explaining that French is the only language where bicycle racing is properly portrayed.
Being hungry in Paris is torturous for Hemingway; the streets are lined with bakeries and people eating outside. To escape the allure of good smelling pastries, Hemingway visits the Luxembourg Museum. He writes that studying Cezanne on an empty stomach helped him truly see how his landscapes were painted. Hem He wonders if Cezanne was hungry when he painted and concludes that he “was probably hungry in a different way” (31). Hemingway describes how walking through Paris, avoiding all restaurants and bakeries, hunger becomes contained and the senses are heightened. While on a walk, Hemingway stops into the bookshop to talk with Sylvia, who comments on his slim figure. She invites him and his wife to dinner, reminding him that he must eat at some point. Before leaving, Sylvia hands him his mail, which is a letter from Der Querschnitt, a German publishing company paying him his royalties. Hemingway complains to Sylvia about his work only selling in Germany, and she responds that one day he’ll sell stories to Ford. She reminds him that it’s not about the royalties and that soon his talents will be recognized.
Hemingway is disgusted at himself for complaining about money to Sylvia. He thinks to himself, “You dirty phony saint and martyr” (33). He continues, “Hunger is healthy and the pictures do look better when you are hungry. Eating is wonderful too and do you know where you are going to eat right now?” (33). Acknowledging the role of his own stubbornness in his misfortune, Hemingway decides to eat at a local café, Lipp’s. He has a feast, ordering potato salad, sausage, and beer. He thinks back on his Paris apartment being ransacked and all of his stories being stolen out of his wife’s luggage. He thinks of a man named Edward O’Brien who published Hemingway’s My Old Man and awarded it Best Short Story. After losing his work, he assured O’Brien that he would keep writing stories. He contemplates the irony of having plenty of stories now but no one to understand them. It was only once his work was lost that others noticed the value of his writing. He then resolves to write a novel.
Hemingway begins this chapter with a description of The Closerie des Lilas. One of the best cafes in Paris, The Closerie des Lilas primarily served “elderly bearded men in well-worn clothes who came with their wives or their mistresses” (36). Despite being known for serving poets, Hemingway recalls that he very rarely saw poets dine. Instead, he saw professors, savants, and military men. Hemingway had much respect for the men who experienced mutilation in war. He also respected that no individual customer was made an exhibition at The Closerie des Lilas. One evening, while sitting outside along the boulevard, a man approaches Hemingway. He recognizes the man as Ford Madox Ford. Ford invites Hemingway to an event at the Bal Musette. Hemingway finds Ford both difficult to observe and to converse with. He needlessly corrects Hemingway about the location of the Bal Musette despite Hemingway having lived there years prior. The two discuss criteria for being considered a gentleman, including “cutting cads” or rather, ignoring those who are not gentlemen (39). Ford Madox Ford makes a scene correcting the waiter about his drink order. A man in a cape walks by on the sidewalk and looks at their table; Ford says it’s Hilaire Belloc, a young writer, and proclaims to Hemingway that he “cut” him too. Later on, a friend informs Hemingway that the man in the cape is not Belloc but Aleister Crowley, a diabolist, or in other words, a Satanist.
Hemingway provides a list of what is needed to write well, which includes blue-backed notebooks, two pencils, a pencil sharpener, marble-topped tables, the smell of early morning, sweeping out and mopping, and luck (41). For luck, he continues, one only needed a horse chestnut and a rabbit’s foot in their right pocket (41). Writing in cafés often proves difficult for Hemingway, as privacy is next to impossible. One particular afternoon, Hemingway picks a fight with a man at The Closerie des Lilas who breaks his concentration. He asks the man why he has to ruin a perfectly good café, to which the man responds that Hemingway is simply trying to be eccentric. Hemingway then attempts to ignore the man and continue writing, but the man cannot let the argument rest. The man mentions a trip to Greece and when asked if he should continue the story, Hemingway says no. The man responds, “Don’t you care how it came about? Don’t you care about life and the suffering of a fellow human being?” (42-43). The man concedes that he too is trying to write, but that it is terribly difficult. Tired of the man’s complaining Hemingway says, “You shouldn’t write if you can’t write. What do you have to cry about it for? Go home. Get a job. Hang yourself. Only don’t talk about it. You could never write” (43). Hemingway tells the man he should be a critic, a commentary on his constant complaining. The two decide to have a drink, and the man tells Hemingway that he finds his work “a little too stark” (44). Hemingway reflects that the man never became a critic and that one doesn’t need luck to write well.
The changing of the seasons is another reoccurring theme in A Moveable Feast. Hemingway despises the grey, rainy skies of Paris during the winter and yearns for spring. The promise of spring and its occurrence alongside the theme of hunger is indicative both of Hemingway’s personality and the nature of bohemian Paris at the time. He writes of a ‘false spring’ or rather, behaving as though it is spring before spring has actually arrived. The promise of spring and better times ahead parallels the journey of the burgeoning writer; he has not achieved success yet, but he can smell it in the air. Soon, things will bloom and so will his career. Soon, there will be tangible things to celebrate even though right now, it’s only a “false spring” and we’re only behaving as if we’ve truly made it. Hemingway and his wife decide to put aside their financial insecurity and anxieties for a day and attend a day at the horse races. They live as though they have no worry or care in the world and enjoy good food, drink, and entertainment: “The only thing that could spoil a day was people…each day had no limits. People were always the limiters of happiness except for the very few that were as good as spring itself” (21). Yet, the lack of limits appears to create an insatiable hunger. Hemingway and Hadley eat a second dinner and still find themselves hungry afterwards. The hunger is there “when we came in the room and after we had gone to bed and made love in the dark, it was there. When I woke with the windows open and the moonlight on the roofs of the tall houses, it was there” (27). The two are acting as though spring has arrived, yet it hasn’t, and this realization leaves the two with an emptiness inside. The joy of the false Spring is momentarily distracting, but it ultimately only emphasizes the gnawing gap between where they are and where they hope to be.
Hemingway’s hunger remains despite his attempts to satiate it with horseracing, bicycle racing, and the thrill of the chase; no matter how many bets he places, the hunger is still there, and he is forced to reason with it. He decides that a life of uncertainty and danger, or rather, a life without limits, is not as rewarding as a simple life with his wife and his work. This realization mirrors his strategy for overcoming writer’s block, which is to write a true, declarative sentence void of decadence and ornament.
The theme of hunger represents Hemingway’s dalliance with extremes. Once he reasons with his insatiable hunger, he swings in the other direction to explore how physical hunger can teach discipline. His argument that hunger makes the senses more finely tuned contrasts with his racetrack quest for satiety: “you could always go into the Luxembourg Museum and all the paintings were sharpened and clearer and more beautiful if you were belly-empty, hollow-hungry” (31). Racetrack Hemingway lives in one extreme of hunger, and museum Hemingway lives in the direct opposite, embodying a literal symbol of the “starving artist,” unable to find physical nourishment but endlessly nourished by creative pursuits. This notion of “having” and “not having” extends to Hemingway’s philosophies on omission and the ways in which an omitted scene in a story can be more potent than if it were explicitly presented. As with hunger and the paintings at the museum, it is only when something is taken away that it can be understood, and to the opposite extreme, now that Hemingway has an abundance of stories, it seems to him that no one understands them.
Hemingway encounters two men in the final chapters of this section: Ford Madox Ford, whom Hemingway dislikes, and the unnamed man who complains about life at the café. Both these characters provide contrast to Hemingway’s perception of events and people. They act is interlopers in Hemingway’s otherwise well-sealed perspective of his own story, interrupting him and questioning him in exactly the ways he does not wish to be interrupted and questioned. Even as they interrupt and oppose Hemingway’s subjective narrative, these characters ultimately become the subject of that same narrative, making them somewhat ironic figures. This also demonstrates Hemingway practicing what he preaches; even the most annoying and distracting encounters become the food for his writing as he writes what he observes and what is “true."
Plus, gain access to 8,800+ more expert-written Study Guides.
Including features:
By Ernest Hemingway