59 pages • 1 hour read
Summary
Chapter Summaries & Analyses
Character Analysis
Themes
Symbols & Motifs
Literary Devices
Important Quotes
Essay Topics
Tools
Twenty-year-old Isaac English walks past the woods and railroad tracks of nearby Buell, Pennsylvania. Carrying $4,000 stolen from his father’s pension, he plans to hop a train to California, escape the rust belt, get an education, and carve out his future. He comes to his friend Billy Poe’s house—a double-wide trailer on 80 acres of wooded hills—hoping Poe will come with him. Poe, a star high school athlete, “his glory days already past, a dozen empty beer cans at his feet” (6), finds the idea ludicrous. He will, however, accompany Isaac to the rail yard.
Isaac and Poe walk together, passing the ruins of Pennsylvania’s once-mighty steel industry. When they walk by the river, Isaac thinks of his mother, who died by suicide five years earlier; she drowned herself by entering a body of water with heavy stones in her pockets. He wonders morbidly if he “take[s] after” his mother; he recalls one night when he walked on the frozen river and fell in, and Poe pulled him out. Afterward, Isaac claimed that he’d just wanted to experience the plunge—but his inner narration, in the present, suggests it was a suicide attempt.
As it starts to rain, they take shelter in an abandoned machine shop. Isaac builds a fire in an old woodstove, and Poe naps on the floor. Isaac counts the money, thinking about his ailing father, whom he’ll no longer be able to caretake after leaving town. He hopes his sister, Lee, and her “rich husband” can assume those duties. Three men—Otto, Jesus, and Murray—enter the machine shop, also taking refuge from the rain. After a few tense moments of territorial dispute, they agree to share the space, although Isaac fears the situation might turn ugly. He steps outside, but Poe remains; he doesn’t understand that Isaac wants to leave. A few moments later, Isaac hears a commotion from inside. Hiding his backpack with the cash inside, he finds a large ball bearing on the ground—a potential weapon—and goes back into the shop. Murray lies unconscious while Jesus, holding something against Poe’s throat, has his other hand down Poe’s pants. As the third man—the tall Swede named Otto—approaches Poe, Isaac hurls the ball bearing, striking Otto squarely in the face. He collapses, Poe breaks loose, and they run out the door.
As they walk through the rain, Isaac suggests calling an ambulance, but Poe argues that the police would follow. He believes Isaac has killed the man. They come to a turnoff, and Poe takes the road home, insisting that “[i]n the morning when our heads are straight we can figure this all out” (19).
Poe walks through the freezing rain with no coat, chilled to the bone and traumatized by the recent encounter. Since he’s neglected to chop wood for the woodstove, his mother’s trailer will be cold as well. As he approaches the trailer, he sees his mother waiting up for him, so he hides in the trees, hoping she’ll go to bed soon; he can’t bear the shame of telling her the story. He thinks about his philandering father and all his mother’s less-than-stellar boyfriends, and he resolves to “[s]top being an asshole while [he’s] still young” (22). Sitting under the trees, Poe ponders his relationship with Isaac and his casual fling with Isaac’s sister, Lee. He begins to feel warm, but he knows something is wrong.
Inside the trailer, Poe’s mother, Grace, stares at her reflection and sees a woman who appears older than her 41 years. Life has broken her—she never wanted to live in a trailer on 80 acres, but now she’s willing to settle for her ex-husband moving back in. Gazing out the window, she sees Poe, motionless under a tree and covered in snow. She runs out to bring him inside; he’s barely conscious, but she eventually gets him into a tub of hot water. She rouses him from his stupor, pulling off his wet clothes. Seeing the cut on his neck, she panics, asking if someone is coming after him. He responds, “No one is coming” (28).
Lying in the bath, Poe remembers the terror of the knife against his throat, and he fills with rage and revenge fantasies. He also wonders about the legal ramifications of the recent manslaughter. His mother dated the sheriff—who once let Poe slide after an assault—but he knows this is far more serious. He hears his father’s truck outside and retires to his room. Thinking about the dead man, Poe resolves to call the recruiter from Colgate College and to take school seriously this time. Then he remembers that his letter jacket (with his name) is in the machine shop next to the dead body, and he decides to go back, remove the evidence, and dump the body into the river.
Back at home, Isaac’s father never mentions the stolen money. Isaac, in his room, observes the changing weather and thinks about the dead Swede, about his own academic promise—three straight first-place finishes at the school science fair—and about his father’s broken spine. He sees a car pull into the driveway—his sister, Lee. When she knocks on his door, he pretends to be asleep. He thinks about their relationship, another thing that has changed. They were once close—he, Lee, and their mother—but their mother’s suicide and Lee’s leaving for college has distanced them. Like Poe, he fears that the dead Swede will be traced to them. Isaac has killed an unarmed man, and there’s not much defense for that despite what the man may have been planning to do.
Poe shows up at the edge of Isaac’s property, and they head back to the scene of the crime. As they near the old steel plant, Poe begins to sweat in a flashback from the trauma of the previous night. He and Isaac trade blame as they consider the course they are about to take—disposing of a dead body. As they approach the machine shop, they see Harris’s Ford truck.
Grace Poe drives into Brownsville—a neighboring town with a European vibe—for work. She sews wedding dresses. The job aggravates her arthritis, but she feels a minimum-wage, fast food job is beneath her. She has considered college but can’t afford it. As a teenager, she wanted to leave Buell, but after graduation, her father secured her a job with the local steel mill. There, she met Virgil, whom she married before becoming pregnant. She still found time to pursue her Associates Degree, but then Virgil, along with most of the workforce, was laid off. They’ve scraped together what little they can to survive, but jobs are scarce.
Back at home, she wraps her hands in a hot towel when Virgil returns. She asks him if he’s looked for a job, but he is evasive and angry. They argue over their next step—they won’t qualify for welfare, he claims, because they won’t pass the “asset test.” He fetches a bottle of whiskey from his truck; they each take a shot, and then they make love. Afterward, he suggests they “take it slow” (48). Grace realizes Virgil just wants a place to sleep and a body to sleep with, so she threatens to get the police involved over his unpaid child support. They fight, and she kicks him out.
To distract herself from Virgil and her worries about her son, she plants tomatoes and peppers in the yard. She thinks about Bud Harris and imagines spending the night with him, a thought that triggers regret over her many mistakes in her life. Having dumped Bud twice in favor of Virgil, she knows she has to “take it slow” herself, allowing him his dignity before asking him back into her life.
America’s rust belt—a swath of the Midwest once home to a thriving steel industry—lies at the heart of Meyer’s tale of a forgotten people. America’s once mighty manufacturing infrastructure produced a robust middle class in the 1950s, ‘60s, and ‘70s, but as plants closed and moved overseas in favor of cheaper (and nonunionized) labor, whole regions of the country were devastated. Entire towns built around a single industry collapsed in the wake of massive layoffs. Meyer focuses his narrative on one such town—Buell, Pennsylvania, a town that, within recent memory, was vibrant and bustling with workers building solid, middle-class lives. Now, the signs of economic deprivation are everywhere: the boarded-up steel mills, the rusting equipment half-sunk in the muddy ground, the desperate residents thrown into poverty and trying to find any lifeline to pull themselves out. Meyer suggests that despite the culturally entrenched bootstrapping ethic that blames people for their own poverty and implies any assistance equals weakness, even people like Isaac—bright, promising, and motivated—can be trapped by circumstances beyond their control. Isaac longs to study astronomy and is regarded as the brightest kid in town, but he can’t pursue his dream without stealing his father’s pension money. Even then, as he plans a risky flight out of town by hopping a coal train, events conspire against him. A simple act of courage to save his friend from a sexual assault forces him into a corner that may derail all his life’s plans. The desperation of all actors involved—including the men in the machine shop—are directly traceable to the economic desolation wrought by a system that prizes profit over human dignity.
Meyer paints a picture of lives, once hopeful, now hopeless. His characters, rendered in intimate detail, all have (or had) dreams: Isaac dreams of college, of studying the stars; Poe, once a football star, could have had a full college scholarship, but fear of leaving his arthritic mother strands him in a cycle of drinking and fighting; Poe’s mother, Grace, dreams of getting out of Buell and out of the double-wide trailer she hates so much, earning a degree and becoming a counselor. Even Otto and Jesus, the men in the machine shop, probably once aspired to something greater. All people have aspirations, the narrative implies, before life’s indignities throw those aspirations out the window. Coastal elites are often accused of treating Middle America as “flyover” territory—just a long stretch of featureless plains, mountains, and small towns to pass over on the way to New York, Boston, or Los Angeles. The millions of flyover-territory inhabitants, however, crave the same thing as those on the coasts: a good job, a stable home, and above all, dignity. These are the people of American Rust—proud and resilient but too often stranded amid an inhuman, Darwinian economic system.
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