52 pages • 1 hour read
Dan visits “Kim”/Trang at the Hollywood Bar. He brings a dictionary and a map of Việt Nam so that he can practice his language skills and she can learn more English. The two continue to enjoy one another’s company, although Trang is upset to learn that Dan is a helicopter pilot. She remembers all too well the way that helicopter pilots indiscriminately killed civilians in the countryside near her home. Some days after this, the two take a trip to the zoo. They both love seeing the animals and are happy together. Trang finds Dan easy to talk to and tells him about her family. However, she wonders if he has a girlfriend back home.
Over time, their relationship deepens. They begin to have sex, and Trang tells the madam that she no longer wants to accompany other men into the back room. Dan rents them an apartment, although he does not want Quỳnh to be there when he is in town. Quỳnh is warier in her assessment of Dan, and she advises her sister not to get pregnant. She tells Trang to get as much money as possible out of Dan, and Quỳnh reminds Trang that Dan will return to the United States at the end of his tour. There can be no future for the two, even though Trang is sure that they are in love.
Phong runs into Dan and Linda at the office where his DNA sample is being processed. He realizes that Dan was a soldier and asks to talk to him. Phong explains that his own father was an American GI and says he is trying to find him. He hopes that Dan will be able to help somehow. Dan agrees to meet with Phong later that day at their hotel, with Thiên interpreting for both parties. Phong arrives at the appointed time. He tells his story and asks if Dan and Linda can help him locate his father. Dan and Linda try to explain that they are only tourists and that they do not have the right connections. Linda offers Phong money, but he refuses it. In Vietnamese, Thiên tells Phong that Dan and Linda are selfish and that they do not care about Vietnamese people. Thiên says that he will keep an eye out for Black veterans looking for their Vietnamese children, but he says that Dan and Linda have their own problems and will not be able to help Phong locate his father.
Trang is in love with Dan, and she assumes that he returns her feelings. She worries about his safety when he is off on missions, and although she seeks solace in her relationship with her sister, a distance has sprung up between them. Quỳnh has fully embraced her life in the city, but she is also more realistic in her assessment of the American soldiers. She is happy to fraternize with them, but she remains emotionally distant and sees them as a source of income. Unlike Trang, she does not believe that there can be a romantic future between Vietnamese women and American men.
Although Trang’s love continues to deepen, Dan grows angry and distant. He drinks too much and is often upset with Trang. The two argue, and he accuses her of having sex with other men. He disappears for days on end, and Trang is desperate to repair their bond. She goes to see Quỳnh to ask for her help, but Quỳnh has just been beaten up by a soldier and asserts that the war changes soldiers: They are “civilized” when they arrive, but the more time they spend in battle, the angrier and more violent they become. Dan’s behavior continues to follow this pattern, and after some time, Trang begins to get frustrated with him. She is faithful to him, and because she does not demand an allowance from him, her salary has greatly diminished in the months since the two moved in together. They have an explosive argument, but Dan cries and apologizes afterward. He tells Trang that he needs her.
A few weeks later, Trang wakes up nauseated and vomits; she is pregnant. When she tells Dan, she sees fear in his eyes when she had anticipated happiness. He turns and walks away from her. Some weeks later, an envelope of money appears in the apartment. Dan did not even have the courage to face her before he left her. She realizes that her involvement with him had been a mistake.
Dan wakes up in the hotel room. Linda says that she has been up for hours. The two argued the day before because Linda was sure that Phong was trying to scam them into helping him immigrate to the United States, but Dan was moved by Phong’s story. However, Linda has done some research. She now better understands the difficulties faced by the children of American servicemen in Việt Nam, and she regrets her mistrust of Phong. Dan contemplates the life that his own child must have had, and he feels guilty. A call from Thiên interrupts their conversation. He says that he wants to speak to Dan alone, so Dan heads down to the reception desk to meet him.
Thiên says that he is reluctant to continue serving as their guide. Dan wants him to continue since he feels that Thiên is a help to Linda. Thiên, however, tells Dan that because of the Americans, the Vietnamese lost the war. He blames the United States for the trauma inflicted on Việt Nam and his people. He describes the hellish time he and others who fought alongside the Americans experienced in re-education camps after the war. He accuses the United States—and, by association, Dan—of failing to acknowledge its destructive role in Việt Nam’s history and of ignoring the hard battles fought by the Vietnamese themselves. Dan is not able to fully grasp what Thiên is telling him, but he does manage to get the man to agree to keep working for them for a few more days.
Thiên then takes Dan and Linda on a tour of some small villages in the Mekong Delta. Dan has a PTSD episode in which he remembers accidentally killing a group of children whom one of his fellow soldiers mistook for spies. A young man named Thanh notices Dan’s agitated condition and invites them to rest in his home. When Linda compliments Thanh’s English, he reveals that he is an English teacher. At Thanh’s home, they meet his father, who has Alzheimer’s. Thanh tells them about his father’s involvement in the war: He was in the North Việt Nam army and fought in one of the same regions—although on the opposite side—as Dan and Thiên. All of them gather in front of the family’s altar to share a moment of prayer. Dan prays for all the dead and abandoned children, including the child he had with “Kim.”
Trang gives birth to a baby girl. While pregnant, she regretted her decision not to have an abortion and intended to give up the child as soon as it was born; however, she is now overcome with love for her daughter and keeps her child. Quỳnh is livid at her sister for what she perceives as more foolishness. Quỳnh thinks that Dan was a mistake, and she tells Trang that life will be incredibly difficult with an illegitimate, Amerasian child. She tries to convince Trang to take the girl to an orphanage, but Trang is adamant. Eventually, Quỳnh realizes that her sister has made up her mind and grudgingly accepts Trang’s decision. The two gather their belongings and make their way to their new lodgings in the city. On the way, a blast strikes the motorbike that Quỳnh is driving.
This set of chapters is action packed and full of dialogue. Dan’s relationship with “Kim”/Trang evolves, and although Dan refuses to acknowledge it, “Kim”/Trang is in love with him. Thiên emerges as a critic of American involvement in the war in Việt Nam, and he also specifically criticizes Dan’s character and attitude. The novel reveals that Dan took out his frustration and disappointment with the war on “Kim”/Trang, and the true cost of war for Trang and Phong becomes clearer.
Dan’s actions during the war highlight The Costs of the War for the Vietnamese. However, Dan lacks self-awareness about how his actions—as a soldier and as a romantic partner—caused damage. At first, Dan and “Kim”/Trang develop a closer emotional bond and eventually move in together. She even stops seeing other men at work. She believes that she is in love with Dan, but he refuses to acknowledge this and begins to treat her without respect or consideration. As his participation in the war becomes more intense, his behavior becomes erratic. He does not specify the exact nature of his work as a helicopter pilot to Trang, but she wonders if he is forced to kill innocent people on his missions. His angry, abusive behavior prompts Quỳnh to advise Trang to leave Dan. It is obvious that Dan is in denial both about his feelings for Trang and his own guilt for killing Vietnamese people. His failure to understand the true dynamics of their relationship or the impact that his anger has on Trang prefigures the ease with which he abandons her when she becomes pregnant. Even from Dan’s perspective in the future, he refuses to admit his guilt, seeing himself as a victim of circumstances rather than as a perpetrator of violence.
However, Dan’s guide, Thiên, blames him for his actions, showing that Dan is responsible for the role he played in the war as an American soldier and for his abandonment of “Kim”/Trang. Initially, Dan misjudges Thiên, thinking of him as a charming, savvy hustler who is adept at extracting as much money as possible out of his American customers. It is not until Dan reveals that his “friend Larry” is looking for his girlfriend Kim that Thiên’s true character emerges. Thiên understands instantly that Larry is a fiction and that Dan himself is searching for his Vietnamese girlfriend. He correctly identifies Dan as one of the many men who used and then tossed aside Vietnamese women during the war, and he is willing to say this to Dan’s face. Thiên places the blame for many of the war’s problems on the United States and on soldiers like Dan in particular. He even relates the difficulties experienced by soldiers like him after the war: Thiên had fought alongside the Americans with the ARVN—the South Vietnamese army—and had been sent to a re-education camp after the war. Soldiers who collaborated with the Americans were subject to persecution by the communist state. His life was made more difficult by American intervention in the war. He says that even his children suffer as a result of his service, and he tells Dan that “[m]any children of former ARVN soldiers had experienced various forms of discrimination” (239). Thus, Thiên directly suffered, and his family continues to suffer, as a result of American participation in his country’s conflict.
Phong is another Vietnamese character who faced many challenges as a result of American intervention in the war. As an Amerasian child who was shunned by most Vietnamese, he was unhoused and struggled with poverty. He recounts in these chapters how terrible it was to grow up without parents. It is obvious that in addition to being without resources, he suffered because he lacked a loving family. Dan is moved by Phong’s story, finally realizing that his child might have had a similarly difficult life.
These chapters also focus on American Soldiers’ Postwar Trauma. As Dan becomes increasingly angry in his interactions with Trang, Quỳnh tells her that it is common for soldiers to mistreat their girlfriends when they begin to feel traumatized by the war. She tells Trang that “these soldiers, the newly arrived ones are civilized. But when they go to the battlefield it changes them” (220). This statement reveals that war took its toll on many American soldiers like Dan, changing them. The novel never minimizes the fact that war was a legitimately traumatizing experience for Dan. Even after all these years, he has a panic attack when he and Linda visit the Mekong Delta and he recalls killing a group of children in error.
Yet the novel also reveals that the impact of the war is much harder on the Vietnamese characters like Phong and Trang. At the end of his year-long tour of duty, Dan leaves Việt Nam, Trang, and his child. He returns to the peace and safety in the United States, marries Linda, and devotes himself to his career as an electrician. Trang, on the other hand, is alone and pregnant in a war-torn country that will never accept her or her Amerasian child; she has no resources to care for a baby alone. Phong, who was also an Amerasian child abandoned by his American father, suffers through a difficult childhood and bears the scars of loneliness as an adult, and he is still discriminated against in his home country. Unlike Dan, Trang and Phong have nowhere else to go. In this way, their stories and Dan’s stand in marked contrast to each other.
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