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Many of the characters live in a state of denial about important aspects of their lives. Some examples of this motif are obvious. Robin enables himself to believe that none of his children realize Mercy has effectively moved out of their house and lives in her art studio. For decades, Alice’s son Eddie works diligently to protect his sexual orientation, only to have Claude point out Eddie has been denying the reality that all the adult Garretts have known all along that he is gay.
Other characters practice subtle forms of denial and distraction to avoid certain painful aspects of their lives. Until she marries Morris, Lily lives in a constant state of emotional upheaval that allows her to sidestep responsibility for her impetuousness. For example, when Alice confronts her with the reality that Trent is using her and has no lasting interest in her beyond sexual fulfillment, Lily denies it, saying Alice is jealous. Alice herself deflects the chaos of the Garrett house by imagining she stands outside herself, listening to a narrator describe what she goes through.
Beyond using characters’ names symbolically, as mentioned in the Character Analysis section, Tyler uses the motif of parents handing down family names to make ironic and distinctive comments about various characters. Alice, for instance, received the name of Robin’s acerbic aunt who raised him. As she grows older, she takes on more of the contentious, picky characteristics of the original Alice. The only insight Tyler gives readers into the personality of the infant Peter Morris Hayes, so named by Serena to honor her father, Morris, is that he is fussy and unhappy. Grandmother Lily proclaims this to be his “little personality” (207), which, ironically, is the diametrical opposite of that of the original Morris.
The use of Robin as a name for two of Robin and Mercy’s grandchildren is an example of the motif as used to examine relationships. While Tyler reveals little about the two young Robins—apart from Robby the Boy being much like Uncle David in his insights—the author uses the double names to examine the perpetual jealousy and distinctiveness of the children’s mothers, Alice and Lily. The sisters argue over who had the actual prerogative to name a child after Robin. Alice says it is a girl’s name and, as firstborn, she had the right to use any family name she wanted. Lily says this is ridiculous and the person honored with the name is a male. Listening in, Mercy decries her daughters’ use of Robin’s name over her own name. This stuns the sisters, since it never occurred to them to name a child Mercy. It also raises the question of why the sisters chose to name their children after their less-respected and more emotionally distant parent.
Artistic expressions, especially paintings, are symbols used throughout the narrative in a couple ways. First, art is an expression of freedom. David’s desire to write and perform in plays allows him to break away from the stultifying expectations of Robin. Robin wars against this by condemning the theater troupe and refusing to allow David to travel with them—though the next summer, David gains his freedom. For Mercy, the art studio itself is an expression of freedom. When she welcomes Candle into the studio, she immediately sets her granddaughter free from artistic judgment, rigid doctrines, or even set schedules. For Mercy, painting is freedom.
Beyond this, art is a search for representational order. Mercy discovers that she must move indoors for her subjects and that she must focus on a single element as the essence of a room and therefore the home it represents. Each painting, therefore, stands for Mercy finding her own place of importance in the disordered, impressionistic family of which she is the most important element.
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By Anne Tyler