56 pages • 1 hour read
Over the course of the novel, Connie transitions from attempting to be content with a purely intellectual life toward accepting that she needs physical pleasure in order to be fully alive. From a young age, Connie grows up immersed in intellectual debates and exchanges, “not the least daunted by either art or ideal politics” (3). When Connie and Clifford first begin a relationship, they find connection more through the exchange of ideas than through sexual chemistry, and Connie secretly feels happy that their “intimacy was deeper, more personal than [sex]” (10). After Clifford’s injuries, there is no possibility of a sexual relationship between the couple; all of Clifford’s enjoyment comes from writing, reading, and having intellectual debates with Connie and his friends. Connie initially finds satisfaction in this life and believes it will be adequate.
However, as time passes, Connie finds herself wondering if there is more to life than mere words and ideas. She notices that the men who surround her are somewhat unattractive, and observes that they have “cold minds” (35). Later, Connie realizes that she cannot imagine one man she would like to have a child with, reflecting that “there was not a man who did not rouse her contempt” (65). Meanwhile, Connie is growing increasingly alienated from her husband and dissatisfied with her life. She manifests physical symptoms of decline, growing thin and pale, because she has been cut off from access to physical pleasure.
It is only when Mrs. Bolton begins to care for Clifford and Connie is free to go for long walks in the woods that she begins to reconnect to her body and realize that she could not live an entirely intellectual life. She needs to be connected to the rhythms of the natural world, and the rhythms of her own body. This realization gains the greatest power when Connie begins having sex with Mellors and reconnects with physical sensation. This experience completely changes her sense of connection to the world: One night, she notes that “the world seemed a dream; the trees in the park seemed bulging and surging at anchor on a tide, and the heave of the slope to the house was alive” (189).
Once Connie has rediscovered the vitality that comes with living an embodied life, she becomes a passionate defender of physical life and the need to celebrate it. During an argument with Clifford, he coldly tells her that “the life of the body […] is just the life of animals” (249), revealing that he only values intellectualism. Connie insists that the body also has value; she is empowered by how Mellors openly shows appreciation for her physical form and the pleasure it can give him. As she aspires to get pregnant, Connie also appreciates the necessity of bodies for bringing new life into the world.
Connie’s eventual embrace of the physical world alongside the intellectual one undermines other dichotomies, including the distinction between reason and emotions. Connie’s embrace of the physical world is also an embrace of emotion, passion, and spontaneity. Since women have more traditionally been associated with physical rather than intellectual life, Connie symbolically accepts her femininity by embracing the needs of her body. She accepts that she does not want to live a cold and sexless life, but wants to be free to experience everything that her body is capable of, including sexual gratification and bearing children.
When Connie begins her affair with Mellors, she is both physically and emotionally debilitated. While the pleasure and eventual affection that she experiences with her lover play a key role in her revitalization, the natural world proves just as healing to Connie as her discovery of her sexuality. Indeed, the two are presented as intertwined.
When Connie is able to begin leading a more independent life after Mrs. Bolton begins caring for Clifford, she begins going for long walks, gradually realizing that “she was stronger, she could walk better” (87). Connie reclaims her body through physical activity even before she reclaims it through sexuality. As Connie moves through the woods and notices signs of spring emerging everywhere, she imagines “the breath of Persephone; she was out of hell on this cold morning” (88). The allusion to an ancient goddess, forced to spend half of the year in the underworld and then triggering spring with her return to Earth, reveals how Connie feels free and healed by renewed contact with nature.
Connie’s reconnection with nature sets the stage for her to embark on a relationship with Mellors; their first sexual encounter occurs after he is moved by the sight of her weeping over some pheasant chicks. The relationship between the lovers allows them to feel more connected to the natural world. Not coincidentally, Connie is somewhat unmoved the first two times that she and Mellors make love; she only begins to experience pleasure during their third encounter, which takes place outside in an isolated clearing (prior to that, Connie and Mellors make love in his cottage).
While sex is healing for Connie, it can only achieve its full effect when it occurs in connection to other natural processes. Connie’s connection to the natural world is strengthened when she participates in its rhythms, eventually conceiving a child. The combined effect of her emerging sexuality and reconnection to the natural world allows her to heal from her isolation and passivity.
Three central characters—Connie, Clifford, and Mellors—all express feelings of dread about the future and the modern age. Each of the characters connect these experiences of dread to their own convictions and vulnerabilities, so that their fears about modernity reflect their own psychological state.
Connie fears that modernity is becoming characterized by isolation, disconnection, and an inability for individuals to truly relate to one another. Sometimes she sees these trends as having particular implications for relationships between men and women, prompting her to ask one of Clifford’s friends, “[W]hy don’t men and women really like one another nowadays?” (56). Connie also has more generalized fears, worrying, “Ah God, what has man done to man? […] now there can be no fellowship anymore! It is just a nightmare” (162). At both interpersonal and more abstract levels, Connie feels fear and dread about modernity eroding the possibility of genuine connection. This fear is especially pertinent for her because she is lonely and trapped in a loveless marriage; thus, to her, the modern condition seems one in which no one can build a relationship with anyone else.
For his part, Clifford is preoccupied with fear that modernity is eroding traditions. Early on, he tells Connie that his estate represents “the old England, the heart of it; and I intend to preserve it” (42). Part of why Clifford is open to adopting the child that Connie may conceive with another man as his own is because he is desperate to achieve continuity of his family line. He fears the changes that modernity will bring, especially disruption to the power and privileges of the aristocracy. Clifford’s fears of social change associated with modernity reveal why he reacts with such horror when he learns of Connie’s affair with Mellors: He sees the possibility of a world in which social class becomes effectively meaningless, and knows that within that world, he would have little power or influence. Clifford tries to fend off modernity by clinging to tradition, remaining cold and indifferent to any narratives about progress and improvement.
Finally, Mellors is also fearful about what modernity means for the world; this fear is part of why he is hesitant to become truly emotionally invested in a relationship with Connie, and dislikes the idea of having a child with her. As he tells her, “[I]f there’s got to be a future for humanity, there’ll have to be a very big change from what now is” (294). Mellors believes that human greed and disconnection from the natural world will drive the modern world to grow increasingly corrupt and alienated. Mellors holds these particular fears about the modern world because, as a working-class man, he has seen individuals being exploited and pitted against one another. He is afraid of “a mass-will of people, wanting money and hating life” (320). As with the other characters, Mellors participates in a Modernist dread of the future, and his fears are rooted in his own experiences.
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