50 pages ⢠1 hour read
Summary
Background
Chapter Summaries & Analyses
Character Analysis
Themes
Symbols & Motifs
Important Quotes
Essay Topics
Tools
Content Warning: This section discusses racism, sexual assault, child abuse, child marriage, and violence, as they appear in the narrative.
Though Bill Cosey is a central figure in the novel, he is long dead by the time the book begins in the 1990s. Many of the novelâs plot points, such as the fight over the will, revolve around the difficulty of interpreting Coseyâs intentions and behavior. Throughout the novel, Bill Coseyâs portrait is a symbol that represents Cosey himself. Every character in the novel has different reactions to Coseyâs portrait and their difference in interpretations point to the manâs ambiguity.
For Vida Gibbons, the portrait represents Cosey as a âpowerful, generous friendâ when it hangs behind the reception desk where she works (44). It reminds her that Cosey is her and her familyâs benefactor and that his generosity has helped establish their financially stable (though not wealthy) lifestyle. Sandler Gibbons privately disagrees with this interpretation, believing that Cosey is looking at Celestial, his mistress, with the pride of âfirst ownershipâ (44). To him, the portrait represents Coseyâs duplicity and his belief that wealth entitles him to power over others.
Junior is attracted to the portrait before she even knows who Cosey is, calling him âher Good Manâ (115). She thinks that they ârecognized each other the very first night when he gazed at her from his portraitâ (31). Her desire to be chosen, protected, and loved are projected onto the portrait and hence onto Cosey. After the closure of the hotel, Heed moves the portrait above her bed and sees it as emblematic of her âwonderful manâ (25). The closeness of the portrait to her bedchamber underscores her belief that he was watching over her and that she is the rightful owner of the hotel. In contrast, Christine sees the portrait as disturbing due to her resentful feelings about her grandfather and his legacy. As she goes about her chores in the house, she is trying not to shiver before the ââcome onâ eyes in the painting over that grotesque bedâ (96). In this sense, the portrait as Coseyâs surrogate represents the enduring nature of Christine and other charactersâ trauma.
Snakes are a motif throughout Juniorâs sections of the novel, and they represent The Corruption of Innocence as well as danger. Snakes are symbols of danger and sin, especially in Christian texts since the devil took the form of a snake to tempt Eve to sin (Genesis 3: 1-15). As a child, Junior gives a captured snake as a gift to her only friend at school, Peter Paul Fortas, who is fascinated by her knowledge of the natural world. Initially, the snake is part of an innocent gift exchange, representing the naivety of childhood. This is emphasized by Morrisonâs use of childlike diction when she describes the snake: â[S]he gave him a baby cottonmouth curled in a bottle and he gave her a jumbo box of crayonsâ (55-56). However, despite the intentions of the gift, a cottonmouth is a venomous snake. In Genesis, Eve listens to the snake and is banished from Eden. The cottonmouth similarly foreshadows Juniorâs loss of innocence.
Though Junior later thinks, âthe cottonmouth was a snake, after all, and it did them inâ (56), the real threat to innocence was humanity, not the snake. Juniorâs uncles characterize the snake as a theft from the Settlement, run her over with a car, and lie about doing so. This encounter causes Junior to shed any childhood naivety and run away from home at the age of 11. Later in the novel, snakes figure prominently in Juniorâs nightmares âwhen upright snakes on tiny feet lay in wait, their thin green tongues begging her to come down from the treeâ (28). She envisions being rescued from the snakes by a mysterious male figure whom she later comes to identify as Cosey.
Police-heads are imaginary monsters discussed by the people of Up Beach. L. describes them as âdirty things with big hats who shoot up out of the ocean to harm loose women and eat disobedient childrenâ (4). Residents of Up Beach believe them to be the âoutside evilâ that explains human behavior such as murder and infidelity, as well as accidental death. In the novel, they symbolize the forces of evil that threaten those who step outside of the social order. Celestial does not fear them, and L. remembers being a child and seeing Celestial swim freely in the ocean, unafraid of the danger. Celestial is able to shake off societal disapproval and move through the world freely, unlike other characters.
The word âpoliceâ in Police-heads also emphasizes the fraught relationship between law enforcement and the Black community. Characters throughout the book reference the danger inherent in encounters with police. Christine remembers being abused and sexually harassed when she was arrested, and Sandler fears that Romen may be harmed by police officers if they encounter him on the street.
Plus, gain access to 8,800+ more expert-written Study Guides.
Including features:
By Toni Morrison