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50 pages 1 hour read

The Lives of Animals

Fiction | Novella | Adult | Published in 1999

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Key FiguresCharacter Analysis

Marjorie Garber

Marjorie Garber is a renowned professor at Harvard University, where she teaches English and Visual and Environmental Studies. Garber is also an author and editor. She has written on diverse subjects including Shakespeare, gender and sexuality, and literary studies. Her professional achievements also include holding both national and international offices, and she holds a membership with the American Philosophical society.

As a respected Professor of English and author, Garber offers a strong literary analysis of The Life of Animals. She explores the novella’s use of figurative language and focuses on the implicit meaning of the text rather than the literal message of animal rights. Her essay carries a strong academic tone that reflects her background in literary analysis, writing, and teaching.

Peter Singer

Peter Singer is a professor, author, editor, and the founder of an organization—The Life You Can Save—geared toward educating people about extreme poverty. He is a prominent activist for animal rights and against poverty, and he adopted a vegetarian diet in the 1970s. He has worked on more than 50 books, either as an author/co-author or editor/co-editor, and his notable works include Animal Liberation (1975), Rethinking Life and Death (1995), The Ethics of What We Eat (2007), and The Live You Can Save (2009). Singer is a Professor of Bioethics at Princeton University.

Singer’s background as an animal rights activist, a vegetarian, and an author is reflected in his response to The Lives of Animals. While he holds similar beliefs to Elizabeth, he does not appear to agree with all her ideas. However, it is difficult to determine Singer’s precise opinions, as he responds to the lectures with metafiction of his own.

Wendy Doniger

Wendy Doniger holds the eminent title of Mircea Eliade Distinguished Service Professor Emerita of the History of Religions, and she specializes in mythology and Hinduism. She has published more than 40 books in a variety of genres including academic scholarship, translations, fiction, and memoir.

 

Doniger responds to The Lives of Animals by focusing on her specializations in mythology and Hinduism. In doing so, she builds upon Elizabeth’s arguments by supporting her claim against O’Hearne that vegetarianism and compassion toward animals is not a new Western trend. Doniger’s response reveals O’Hearne’s Western bias as he completely ignores the historical vegetarian traditions in non-Western cultures.

Barbara Smuts

Barbara Smuts is a researcher, author, and retired Professor of Psychology at the University of Chicago. She studies social behavior, specializing in primates and canines. She has published academic works and personal essays, and since her retirement, she has focused on researching and writing on dog behavior and on dog photography.

Although Smuts has a strong background in science and reason-based thinking, she elects to reflect upon The Lives of Animals using sympathy-based thinking, which is strengthened by her experience writing personal essays. She shares Elizabeth’s respect and compassion for animals, and she enhances Elizabeth’s messages by providing personal responses that inspire an emotional response in favor of animal rights.

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