58 pages • 1 hour read
Content Warning: This section discusses sexual assault and rape of a minor.
Victor arrives with Norton at his house in Bethesda, Maryland in 1980. He is determined to be about four years old and is now one of 22 children split between late teens and early childhood. Norton does his best to be out of the house, often feeling overwhelmed by the children and even sometimes confusing them with each other. Victor, despite being the newest sibling, is not well received by the children, and even after healing from the many physical ailments he brought with him from U’ivu, proves to be a challenging child. He is ungovernable and must be taught how to be sociable. Norton tries all types of parenting with him, but none seem to work. After a few years of hard work, though, Victor finally adjusts. After adopting Victor, Norton takes a break from adopting and travels and visits Owen instead, trying to find an answer to his inescapable loneliness. Nothing works, and he eventually returns to adoption, not understanding the reason for his compulsion.
As Norton ages, he loses interest in raising his children and longs to start his life anew, but this goal is impossible while he still has children in the house. When he reaches the age of retirement, his status as a Nobel Prize winner allows him to continue working with the NIH. However, his past treatment of the dreamers haunts him, and even prevents him from being allowed to observe and study another tribe. He begins to spend less time at his lab and more time at home. One Sunday, Victor expresses a wish to start going by Vi, believing that it sounds more U’ivuan. When Norton suggests that he go by his middle name of Owen, instead, Victor refuses, expressing his desire not to be saddled with a white man’s name. This is a familiar argument to Norton, for many of his children go through a similar moment of realization, with some even calling him a colonialist.
Norton knows that his relationships with his children go through phases. They love him at first, then they hate him, but they eventually come back bearing apologies when they realize the opportunities he gives them. One night at dinner, Victor refuses to pass food across the table to Norton because Norton refuses to call him Vi. Norton declares that while Victor’s siblings can call him Vi, Norton will instead call him simply “No-Name Boy” or just “Boy.” After this confrontation, the atmosphere in the house is shaky, and Norton prepares for the holiday season with little help from his children. Despite this setback, he is excited that Owen will be coming, as he feels extremely lonely at this time of year. He also feels as though he must move on, and in his mind, he resents and dehumanizes his children for burdening him.
Christmas approaches, and Owen and Norton argue over the kids. Owen always thinks he knows better, despite not having any children, and Norton resents him for trying to tell him how to parent. They argue over how Norton kicked one of his children, Abby, out of the house for smoking marijuana. Because she later showed up at Owen’s apartment seeking shelter, Owen now refuses to come to Norton’s Christmas celebrations, for he is worried about Norton’s treatment of the children. On Christmas Eve, most of the children are home and in bed. Norton fills their stockings and steps outside, wondering if he should just leave this life behind. When he tries to come back into the house, he finds the door locked. Victor steps out of the shadows, insisting that his name is Vi, and after the ensuing altercation, Victor locks Norton outside all night. One of his older children finds him outside the next morning, nearly frozen, and Norton realizes that Victor planned for him to die in the cold. Reentering the house, Norton finds Victor in the living room and hits him repeatedly. He calls him an animal, dehumanizing him and locking him in the basement for three days. When he finally lets the teenager out, Victor is compliant.
Dr. Kubodera notes here that he has omitted a passage of Norton’s writing. Over the next five years, Victor is on autopilot, separate from his siblings and never making waves. When he goes to college, Norton rarely thinks of him. However, during Victor’s sophomore year, two detectives arrive at the house in Bethesda and ask Norton to accompany them to the station for questioning.
Owen encourages Victor to speak to the police and supports him after Norton is arrested. Norton is placed on house arrest, and the children are taken from him. When Victor testifies against him, Norton admires the man Victor has become and sees the budding relationship between Victor and Owen. After the testimony, Norton’s lawyer advises him to change his plea to guilty, but Norton refuses. Norton is convicted and placed in isolation. He writes the end of his memoirs as his sentence comes to an end. While in prison, he dreams of Ivu’ivu, but most frequently and specifically, he dreams of being with Tallent there.
Norton and Dr. Kubodera go missing after Norton’s release from prison. Their houses and apartments are abandoned, and it is discovered that Norton previously transferred most of his assets to Dr. Kubodera.
Dr. Kubodera explains that he and Norton are now hiding far away and that he frequently spends time making flower arrangements for Norton. Dr. Kubodera left his entire life and family behind for Norton and finds himself suffering from occasional homesickness that he initially thought was hunger. Before completing his account, Dr. Kubodera states that he will share the excerpt that he initially cut out of Norton’s memoir, which he doesn’t believe will change people’s opinions of Norton one way or the other. Now that he and Norton have escaped the public eye, he is excited for their next chapter together.
This section relates the missing passage from Norton’s memoir. After the incident at Christmas, Victor is only well-behaved for about a month. He soon begins misbehaving again and even shaves a vulgar word onto the neighbor’s cat. He goes through periods of calm and rebellion, and in one instance, he breaks a crystal bowl that Owen gifted to Norton for winning the Nobel Prize. Victor leaves the pieces on the floor with a note reading, “Oops.” After finding the mess, Norton goes to Victor’s room and watches him sleep for a moment before smothering him with a pillow and pulling down his pants. He rapes Victor and does so repeatedly in the future as well, each time stating that his actions are taken out of love. He has also done the same with other boys that he adopted. Later, he is shocked when he is accused of sexual assault, for in his act of raping the boys, he believes that he only ever meant to give the boys what he had always wanted to give: love.
The closing parts of The People in the Trees consist of a mix of Norton’s memoirs, Dr. Kubodera’s comments, and objectively worded articles that slowly reveal the allegations that ultimately bring about Norton’s downfall. In the novel’s denouement, Norton finally comes to fully realize his loneliness and understands that despite building a family of sorts in an effort to create a never-ending source of companionship, he never will be able to fill the void within himself. Additionally, although the narrative moves away from U’ivu as a setting, the manipulation of U’ivuans is still very apparent in Norton’s constant treatment of his children, further showing that despite his own protestations of innocence, he is just as involved in The Systematic Exploitation of Indigenous People as the pharmacological companies have been.
With these behavior patterns, it is clear that Norton’s preoccupation with the Loneliness Within Community is never truly solved, for he adopts so many children in a misguided attempt to recapture the feeling of love and inclusion he enjoyed in the village on Ivu’ivu, especially with the two boys with whom he cultivated more intimate relationships. This in itself is an extension of his quest to once again feel the love he had for Owen on their trip to Italy as young men. However, despite adopting over 40 children, he cannot feel these emotions to an extent that will satisfy his insatiable craving for connection. As his life begins to wind down, he accepts this reality, stating:
I had found my thoughts returning again and again, to the boy, and how I had felt when I was with him, and how fervently I had hoped and tried to recapture that sensation, to make that joy part of my daily life-that was why I had brought them here. That was what I had wanted from them. And yet with each one, the feeling of pleasure I craved was ever-briefer, more elusive, more difficult to conjure, and I was lonelier and lonelier, and finally they were evidence only of my losses, of my unanswerable sorrows (423).
With this effusive admission of culpability, it becomes clear that his compulsion to adopt has taken on the same characteristics as an addiction, for just as with an addiction to a chemical substance, the resulting “high” is never as satisfying as his first few experiences, and thus, even his attempts to gain deeper connection only serve to heighten his pathological sense of Loneliness Within Community. His constant search to end his loneliness drives him to adopt too many children, and each fails to bring him peace, amplifying that loneliness and creating more stress. This inevitably leads to his resentment toward the children, which often manifests in dehumanizing abuses and racist thoughts. Ultimately, Norton’s adoption of the U’ivuan children in an attempt to cure his own loneliness exhibits his true opinion of U’ivu: a place and people to be used for his benefit. Not only does he make his career with the discovery of the opa’ivu’eke’s relationship to the dreamers, but he also adopts children solely to gain psychological benefits from raising them. While many see his actions as admirable, his children, and especially Victor, see his adoptions as another form of The Systematic Exploitation of Indigenous People. Victor’s insistence on changing his name to reconnect with his U’ivuan roots reflects a conscious act of resistance to the colonizing influences of his adoptive father figure, and he accuses Norton of effacing his culture and identity. Victor notices that while Norton solely adopts U’ivuan children, he often renames them with non-U’ivuan names, deliberately disconnecting them from their culture and history. Even when Victor wants to change his name to Vi, to be more U’ivuan, Norton resists and punishes him, calling him Boy rather than Victor, thus inflicting the wound of dehumanizing his adopted son even further. By the time Victor gains enough autonomy to publicly accuse Norton and bring about his reckoning in the eyes of the law, this retribution is long overdue, and Norton’s fall from grace is swift and permanent.
The conclusion of the novel features Kubodera’s inclusion of the one excerpt he took out of Norton’s writing: Norton’s own confession to the allegations that Victor made against him. Detailing his first of many sexual assaults of his adopted son, the passage represents the culmination of The Systematic Exploitation of Indigenous People, for Norton ultimately assaults and rapes Victor for his own satisfaction: “Later, when he accused me, I was shocked. For I loved him, you see, loved him despite everything […] I have given him more than I have given anyone else. I have given him what I always yearned to give” (467). Norton’s explanation of his crime mirrors his justification for taking the opa’ivu’eke from Ivu’ivu, for despite the self-evidently reprehensible nature of his actions, he nonetheless believes that because his reasons are not evil, his actions are likewise justified. Thus, ever the narcissist, he refuses to take responsibility for his actions, failing to acknowledge that he used Victor and the other children for his own satisfaction, just as he used U’ivu to further his own reputation in the eyes of the world.
Plus, gain access to 8,800+ more expert-written Study Guides.
Including features:
By Hanya Yanagihara
Asian American & Pacific Islander...
View Collection
Challenging Authority
View Collection
Colonialism & Postcolonialism
View Collection
Community
View Collection
Magical Realism
View Collection
Popular Book Club Picks
View Collection
Power
View Collection
Sexual Harassment & Violence
View Collection
The Best of "Best Book" Lists
View Collection