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Simpson realized that he had an inexplicable feeling of dread just before Yates fell through the cornice. He followed Yates along the ridge line, fearing it would collapse. As they descended, Simpson slipped and fell into Yates, who fortunately remained upright. As it grew dark, they went back up to the nearest ridge to sleep. Yates’s fingers were frostbitten, so Simpson dug the snow cave, and both were irritable. They ate their remaining food since they hoped to reach base camp by the afternoon of the following day.
A year earlier, Yates and his climbing partner Jon Sylvester were in the Mont Blanc range of the French Alps. Two Japanese climbers were following close behind them. Yates fell, but the belay piton saved him. Soon afterward, Yates and Sylvester saw the Japanese climbers fall to their deaths. Although the climbers were attached to the same belay piton that saved Yates, this time, it was torn from the rock. Witnessing the accident led Yates to reflect on the random nature of fate.
The following morning, Simpson and Yates used the last of their gas to make hot drinks. This decision left them with no further means of melting snow for drinking water. Both climbers were concerned about the extent of Yates’s frostbite. Traversing a ridge with dangerous cornices, they repeatedly slipped, and, at one point, Simpson fell through a cornice but managed to climb back up.
Simpson and Yates made much slower progress than anticipated. While leading across a plateau, Simpson fell several times into hidden shallow crevasses but hauled himself out. He realized that they had been walking along a cornice that could have collapsed at any moment.
When Simpson started descending a 20-foot ice cliff from the plateau, Yates was still above him and out of sight. A 150-foot rope connected them. Simpson fell, and when he hit the bottom of the cliff, his leg broke. The tibia of his lower leg was pushed up through the knee joint, distorting it. When he tried to stand, he almost fainted from pain. He cried as he realized that Yates would likely have to leave him. Simpson remembered a climber named Rob who was left to die after injuring himself.
When Yates appeared at the top of the cliff, Simpson was tempted to lie about his leg but admitted that it was broken. Yates rappelled down to reach him and did not comment on the injury but gave his friend painkillers. Realizing that his rope was jammed at the top of the cliff, Yates undertook a dangerous climb to retrieve it. Simpson feared they would both die.
The text then switches to Yates’s perspective of events. While walking across the ridge, he realized that Simpson had fallen when the rope jerked, pulling him forward. He waited until the rope went slack, indicating that Simpson had secured himself, before moving. When Simpson calmly announced that his leg was broken, Yates immediately believed that his friend would die. After climbing back up the cliff to unravel his rope, he saw Simpson slowly propelling himself along by using his axes and hopping precariously. Yates expected Simpson to fall, and it occurred to him that it would be better if he did because they might both die in the attempt to get him down the mountain. By the time he returned to the bottom of the cliff, Simpson had traveled only 100 feet.
The text returns to Simpson’s perspective. Yates overtook Simpson and created a trench in the snow for him to follow. Their destination was the col (the lowest part of the ridge) 600 feet below them. Yates sent Simpson down on a rope while he belayed from a bucket seat dug into the snow to anchor him. They tied their two 150-foot ropes together to hasten the descent, increasing the distance that Simpson could descend before Yates climbed down to him and repeated the same process. A belay plate controlled the speed of descent. However, after every 150 feet, Simpson had to balance his weight on one leg while Yates passed the knot through the belay plate. Simpson felt optimistic about making it down, but the weather worsened. It was four o’clock in the afternoon when they reached the col (about 3,000 feet from base camp). They agreed to continue.
Yates again lowered Simpson down on the rope. The descent was vertical, fast, and painful. Simpson’s broken leg kept catching, and he swore at Yates, who ignored his requests to go slower. Simpson sunk into a passive state, at the point of fainting. The descent became steeper, but he could not see where he was going due to white-out conditions. They continued the alternate rappelling process seven times, and though Yates’s frostbite was worsening, they felt that they had control of the situation. On the eighth rappel, Simpson gathered an alarming pace and realized that he was approaching a precipice. Unsuccessfully trying to stop his descent with an ice axe, he shouted out, but Yates could not hear him. Reaching the rope’s end, he dangled in space from his harness, six feet away from the cliff wall. The cliff edge was 15 feet above him, and below it was a drop of at least 100 feet. Simpson knew that Yates would not be able to pull him back up; he had to attempt to climb the rope. However, his fingers were numb, and he dropped an essential piece of climbing equipment.
Simpson descended further and realized that Yates was struggling to hold his weight from the bucket seat. Yates’s situation was untenable: He would either freeze or be dragged down the cliff by his climbing partner’s weight. Simpson felt strangely unemotional about his imminent death but then became furious and started screaming obscenities.
The narrative switches back to Yates’s perspective. Yates lowered Simpson on the rope. He pitied his friend, hearing his cries of pain during the descent, but knew it must be done quickly. Suddenly, a jolt on the rope almost pulled him out of his bucket seat. Bracing himself against the pressure, he realized that Simpson had fallen. Half an hour later, he was still supporting his friend’s full weight on the rope, but the belay seat he dug to secure himself was collapsing. After an hour, Yates was so cold that he struggled to grip the rope, and he felt it pulling him forward. Retrieving the penknife from his backpack, he cut the rope.
Yates hoped that Simpson had only a short fall to the glacier but feared the worst. He dug a snow hole for the night, concluding that he did the right thing but also thinking he should feel guilty. Severely dehydrated, he realized that he had not had water for 24 hours. (At high altitudes, consuming at least one and a half liters of water a day is essential.) The next morning, he decided to attempt to return to base camp but was sure he would die.
This section features the memoir’s central incident: the fall in which Simpson broke his leg. The author creates dramatic tension building up to this moment by describing several near disasters, including Yates falling through a cornice and Simpson nearly knocking him over. The second disastrous event—Simpson’s fall from the cliff—maintains the suspense, marking the narrative’s shift from an adventure to a survival story. The text frames the severity of Simpson’s predicament through the preceding description of the difficult ascent, making the reverse journey seem an impossible feat with a broken leg. Simpson’s first-person narrative provides insight into both the psychological and physical challenges of the ordeal. The author emphasizes the dramatic extremes of emotion he experienced as his mood swung “from despair to wild optimism” and back again (112). Facing the reality of his mortality, he shifted between a resigned acceptance of his death, and anger at his situation along with the determination to survive. The text highlights the theme of The Relationship Between Humans and Nature as Simpson states, “The mountain had lost its excitement, its novelty, and I wanted to get off it as soon as possible” (98). The protagonist now perceived his environment as a threat to his life rather than an exhilarating challenge.
In addition, this section introduces another of the book’s primary themes: The Ethics of Responsibility in Extreme Conditions. In their eagerness to reach the Siula Grande summit, Simpson and Yates neglected the responsibilities of self-care. For example, Yates’s frostbite resulted from continuing to climb at night when temperatures had fallen to dangerous levels. The text illustrates the importance of water by revealing the climbers’ lack of preparedness and foresight when they used the last of their gas before the descent. This decision meant that they would have no further means to melt snow for drinking water, placing them in danger of death from dehydration. Simpson’s breaking his leg emphasized their responsibility to each other because the remote location made Yates’s support and help imperative to his partner. Consequently, their team dynamic became imbalanced. Simpson’s survival hinged on his ability to trust Yates at a time of adversity. His urge to lie and minimize the severity of his injury underscored his fear of being abandoned while also reflecting his belief that it would not be unreasonable for Yates to do so.
From the point of Simpson’s accident, Yates’s first-person account alternates with the author's. This literary choice crucially creates a more balanced account of events, allowing readers insight into the situation from both perspectives. Once Simpson broke his leg, Yates’s account reveals that he assumed Simpson would die. Instead of abandoning his friend, however, he risked his own life to help him. The juxtaposition of the partners’ perspectives demonstrates the differences in their thoughts. While Simpson perceived his friend as callously impervious to his pain as he was lowered on the rope, Yates’s account shows that he felt pity for Simpson but was equally aware of the speed necessary for their survival.
This section of the book introduces the central symbol of the cut rope, which later defined the expedition in the public imagination. By including Yates’s perspective from this point in the narrative, the author places his friend’s decision to cut the rope in the broader context of Yates’s earlier against-the-odds attempts to save his life. Yates’s account is notable for its brutal honesty about his thought processes. Although he was not prepared to abandon his friend after he broke his leg, he admits to wishing Simpson would fall of his own accord, which would increase Yates’s own chance of survival. Yates’s account further contextualizes his decision to cut the rope incident by conveying his own perilous situation beforehand as well as his conflicted feelings afterward. Although convinced he made the rationally correct decision, he also felt it “necessary to prosecute myself, and to prove that I had been wrong” (139). His emotions reveal that he was aware that society would judge his actions as ethically reprehensible.
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