26 pages • 52 minutes read
Mrs. Morris serves as both the protagonist of “Zero Hour” and a representative of the entire adult population of the story. Although her actions do not drive the story, her inaction—and the inaction of parents like her—allows the events of the story to unfold. Thus, Mrs. Morris is less of a dynamic character than a passive one, but her passivity plays an important role in the development of the Loss of Innocence and Generational Alienation. She fails to understand that she needs to act because she believes that the children’s innocence makes them harmless, while her alienation from her daughter and childhood in general keeps her from understanding Mink’s intentions.
The climactic moment of the story arrives when Mrs. Morris realizes that her assumptions were incorrect. This realization comes on violently, and a parallel is drawn between what is occurring inside her and the literal explosions caused by the invading aliens:
All the subconscious suspicion and fear that had gathered secretly all afternoon and fermented like a wine in her. All the little revelations and knowledges and sense that had bothered her all day and which she had logically and carefully and sensibly rejected and censored. Now it exploded in her and shot her to bits (Paragraph 183).
This emotional climax makes it clear that a betrayal has happened in the story beyond the children’s betrayal of humanity: Mrs. Morris has betrayed herself and her instincts by acting and thinking strictly within the bounds of how she believes an adult is meant to act and think.
Mrs. Morris’s individual character arc is a sudden and tragic one. Her eventual realization about the truth of the alien invasion is foreshadowed with lines of dialogue like “Oh, nothing” (Paragraph 168) and “Never mind. Something I thought of” (Paragraph 185). However, because she never vocalizes her suspicions, the foreshadowing remains subtle, allowing Mrs. Morris’s moment of realization to land heavily on the reader. Her character arc shows her breaking away too slowly from the sharply drawn adult-child dichotomy in her community, so that when she finally understands what Mink has been trying to tell her, it’s too late.
Although the story is told from Mrs. Morris’s point of view and therefore does not give readers insight into Mink’s thoughts, Mink serves as the lynchpin on which the action of the story turns. She is also fundamentally important to the story’s examination of the Loss of Innocence. Bradbury’s characterization of Mink as chaotic, loud, and decisive is at odds with the stereotypical image of a young girl during the 20th century. This suggests that Mink’s gender is not a primary concern for her character arc—rather, her age is. She is characterized not specifically as a little girl, but as a child archetype, composed of all the verve and energy of early childhood. This brash and bold type of childishness is communicated through Bradbury’s diction, which includes verb choices like “yanked,” “rattled,” (Paragraph 2), and “slammed” (Paragraph 10). This equates Mink’s childishness with a kind of violence, albeit a violence that seems entirely innocent to observers until it is too late.
While in many ways Mink serves as a child archetype in the same way that Mrs. Morris serves as a parent archetype, she also undergoes a clear individual character arc. She plays an essential role in the alien invasion, serving as the de facto leader of the neighborhood children and as Drill’s right hand and interpreter. Her role in the communication between the aliens and the children is highly ironic, given that the outcome of the story hinges on the inability of Mink and Mrs. Morris to communicate effectively.
Mink transforms, in the eyes of the reader, from the innocent and high-energy “fleeing tot” (Paragraph 9) to the harbinger of doom and destruction in the final scene, where she utters the contextually chilling last line of the story: “Peek-a-boo.” Here, Mink is framed by the alien Drill’s shadow, but Drill remains unseen. This emphasizes that, by the end of the story, Mink has surpassed Drill as the main antagonist.
Drill is an essential secondary character in “Zero Hour,” though he is never properly in-scene. There are moments when Mrs. Morris (and thus the reader) comes close to encountering Drill, but she never does. The first of these moments is when Mrs. Morris hears Mink talking to the rose-bush that presumably hides Drill from view. He is not physically present again until the end of the story, when an alien who is presumably Drill follows Mink up to the attic to find her parents. Still, Drill is not visible to the reader or to Mr. and Mrs. Morris, except as “tall blue shadows” (Paragraph 201). The fact that Drill remains unseen is symbolically important: His invisibility in the narrative represents his invisibility within the story, specifically to the adults. Even once Mrs. Morris and the other adults are confronted with the reality of their situation, Drill remains in shadow.
While Drill is rarely in-scene and never visible, he is nonetheless extremely present through Mink’s dialogue; Drill’s words in Mink’s speech display a halting and hesitant manner that shows she is relaying a message rather than conveying an original thought. Drill’s sentiments, as communicated by Mink, cut right to the heart of the story: he lays out the divide between adults and children, that adults are bound by logic while children are “impressionable.” It takes an outsider, a literal alien, to be able to see both flaws at once—and then exploit them.
Joseph Connors and Peggy Ann, two neighborhood children, serve the same narrative role in “Zero Hour.” Because they do not fit neatly into the adult/child binary that has been set up by the community, they are ostracized by the other children and not included in the planning of the Invasion. Mink expresses extreme disdain for such children, who are either frightened of the Invasion “game” or unwilling to believe in it, and she goes so far as to say, “I hate them worst. We’ll kill them first” (Paragraph 102).
Joseph’s age is stated upon his introduction to the story: He is 12 years old. As such, he is an automatic reject from the Invasion, regardless of his stated interest in it. While at first this immediate dismissal on Mink’s part seems to stem from the fact that other boys Joseph’s age have teased and taunted her, another motivation is revealed when Mink tells Mrs. Morris over lunch, “And there’s something about kids under nine and imagination. It’s real funny to hear Drill talk” (Paragraph 94). In other words, an important dividing line within the ranks of the neighborhood children was not drawn by the children themselves, but by the alien invaders for unknown purposes.
Peggy Ann’s age is not stated, but when she becomes frightened of the Invasion, Mink’s explanation for her behavior is that “she’s getting too old to play. I guess she grew up all of a sudden” (Paragraph 146). Mink’s assessment of Peggy Ann’s defection shows just how deeply the adult/child divide is felt by the younger children. The only proposed explanation for the children’s fear of literal invading aliens is that they are simply becoming too much like adults.
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By Ray Bradbury